Sure, you can, but you'd probably need to use an extra variable, or two:

use strict;
use warnings;
my $ham = "spam\tspam\tspam\t\tyam\tclam";
my @foo;
my @jam = ($ham =~ (m/^[^\t]*\t[^\t]*(?:\t([^\t]*)(?{push @foo, $^N}))
+{3}\t[^\t]*$/));
print join("\n", '**', @jam, '**', '');
print join("\n", '**', @foo, '**', '');
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You may need to do some variation of the local variable dance as shown in perlretut if backtracking is a concern.