Code like

while (<RLS>)
{
    $csv = Text::CSV->new (
            { allow_loose_quotes     => 1 ,
              escape_char            => "\\",
              binary                 => 1, 
            }
         ) or die "" . Text::CSV->error_diag ();
        next if ($. == 1);
        if ($csv->parse ($_)) {
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will very soon start failing when the fields have embedded newlines, as <RLS> doesn't see the quotation and escapes. When parsing CSV with Text::CSV or Text::CSV_XS, please use getline (). Also note that in your example you create a new csv parsing object for every line read. You should bring the object outside the loop. If possible, choose encoding on the lowest possible level: at open () time.

my $csv = Text::CSV_XS->new ({
    binary             => 1,
    escape_char        => "\\",
    allow_loose_quotes => 1,
    auto_diag          => 1,
    });
open my $fh, "<:encoding(utf-8)", "text.csv" or die "text.csv: $!";
$csv->getline ($fh); # skip first line
while (my $row = $csv->getline ($fh)) {
    my ($tri, $chem, $year, $lbs, $gms) = 
        map { undiacritic ($_) } @{$row}[0,2,4,5,6];
    :
    :
    }
close $fh;
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