FWIW, that is bogus csv

I would preprocess with

my $csv = Text::CSV->new({ qw!
  allow_loose_escapes 1
  allow_loose_quotes 1 ! });

...

s/x\(([^\(\)]+)\)/"$1"/g;
$csv->parse($_);
[download]

Seems to work

$ perl -MText::CSV -e" $t = Text::CSV->new({qw! auto_diag 1 allow_loos
+e_escapes 1 allow_loose_quotes 1 ! }); $_ = q!sue,fred,x(mary,jane)!;
+ s/x\(([^\(\)]+)\)/\x22$1\x22/g; warn $_; warn $t->parse( $_ ); warn$
+_ for $t->fields"
sue,fred,"mary,jane" at -e line 1.
1 at -e line 1.
sue at -e line 1.
fred at -e line 1.
mary,jane at -e line 1.
[download]