This is the first time I have done anything in C with perl, but this seems to work:

#include <EXTERN.h>
#include <perl.h>
static PerlInterpreter *foo;
main(int argc, char **argv, char **env) {
    char * args[] = { NULL, NULL};
    args[0] = "geh\n";
    foo = perl_alloc();
    perl_construct(foo);
    perl_parse(foo, NULL, argc, argv, env);
    perl_call_argv("printme", G_DISCARD, args);
perl_destruct(foo);
perl_free(foo);
}
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Then for my script I used:

printme();
sub printme { print $_[0] };
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The results:

prompt% myperl script.pl
geh
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So one of your problems was the last argument in perl_call_argv. You need to pass it an array of (char *) or a (char **) not just a single (char*). Also the last element in that char * array apparently needs to be NULL. So that is why I created a two element array, but only populated the first element.

For more goods see perlcall and perlembed

I hope this helps get you started. I am glad you asked this question. I was also curious about the perl/C interface.