Any logic you can do in a shell, you can do using pure perl as well.

I don't know what $x is, but there's no reason why you can't test against a mysterious $x variable as well.

use File::Find;

use strict;
use warnings;

my $x = shift;

my @array;
find(sub {
    push @array, $File::Find::name if /\.(?:h|c|sh)$/;
}, '.');

my @x_files = grep {/\Q$x\E/} @array;
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