After two minutes of searching CPAN, I found Win32::Exe.

use Data::Dumper qw( Dumper );
use Win32::Exe   qw( );

my $exe = Win32::Exe->new('c:/windows/notepad.exe');
my $version_info = $exe->get_version_info();

{
    local $Data::Dumper::Useqq  = 1;
    local $Data::Dumper::Indent = 1;
    print(Dumper($version_info));
}
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$VAR1 = {
  "FileDescription" => "Notepad",
  "LegalCopyright" => "\251 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved
+.",
  "FileVersion" => "6.1.7600.16385",
  "CompanyName" => "Microsoft Corporation",
  "ProductVersion" => "6.1.7600.16385",
  "ProductName" => "Microsoft\256 Windows\256 Operating System",
  "OriginalFilename" => "NOTEPAD.EXE",
  "InternalName" => "Notepad"
};
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If you mean version information for a Windows Portable Executable format file (.exe, .dll, ...) then you may be interested in Win32::PEFile.

use strict;
use warnings;
use Win32::PEFile;

my $filename = 'c:/windows/notepad.exe';
my $pe = Win32::PEFile->new (-file => $filename);
my $strings = $pe->getVersionStrings ();

printf "%-20s %s\n", $_, $strings->{$_} for sort keys %$strings;

my $values = $pe->getFixedVersionValues();

printf "%-20s 0x%08x\n", $_, $values->{$_} for sort keys %$values;
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Prints:

CompanyName          Microsoft Corporation
FileDescription      Notepad
FileVersion          5.1.2600.5512 (xpsp.080413-2105)
InternalName         Notepad
LegalCopyright       © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
OriginalFilename     NOTEPAD.EXE
ProductName          Microsoft® Windows® Operating System
ProductVersion       5.1.2600.5512
dwFileDateLS         0x00000000
dwFileDateMS         0x00000000
dwFileFlags          0x00000000
dwFileFlagsMask      0x0000003f
dwFileOS             0x00040004
dwFileSubtype        0x00000000
dwFileType           0x00000001
dwFileVersionLS      0x0a281588
dwFileVersionMS      0x00050001
dwProductVersionLS   0x0a281588
dwProductVersionMS   0x00050001
dwSignature          0xfeef04bd
dwStrucVersion       0x00010000
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This module release is very much a case of "Publish early, publish often" (although the "often" bit has been neglected). In particular, obvious error handling (like for a bad file name or path!) is absent at present.

Does the executable have a -v (version) option available when run from the command line?

If so, the backticks operator could capture the output. For example:

use strict;
use warnings;

my $output = `perl -v`;
print "Here's the version info:\n$output\n";
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Update:The question you posted to StackOverflow yielded a similar response among the meta-conversation.

thezip provided Retrieve Win32 Executable Version information in the CB.

Update: Unfortunately, it doesn't work.

For questions like these, I usually check the Script Center Repository in addition to PM. I found List Installed Software and Version Numbers just by typing "version" in the search box. Perhaps a little more digging will yield even better results.

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use SVN::Notify;

my $exe = SVN::Notify->find_exe('gnuplot');
system("$exe -V");
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Using -v, -V or --version doesn't work at all for .dll files, and I didn't find any .exe for which that worked.

Even for programs that do recognise one of these, the option causes far more than the version to be returned.

It doesn't even work for perl, not that all versions of perl include such information

$ sigcheck -a -h -e -i -q C:\perl\5.12.2\bin\MSWin32-x86-multi-thread\
+perl.exe
c:\perl\5.12.2\bin\mswin32-x86-multi-thread\perl.exe:
        Verified:       Unsigned
        File date:      5:11 AM 10/16/2010
        Publisher:      n/a
        Description:    n/a
        Product:        n/a
        Version:        n/a
        File version:   n/a
        Strong Name:    Unsigned
        Original Name:  n/a
        Internal Name:  n/a
        Copyright:      n/a
        Comments:       n/a
        MD5:    8d75c8a4ca154a3c5a55d0db5f45ad83
        SHA1:   fda7cb1ffa77e1497a6e6b372cec065240aabfb7
        SHA256: 062b62f5981aee65d63d16c140f558f6aa8d06d192b7449b21b3e0
+7eb5196a0b

$ perl -V |grep 2010
  Compiled at Oct 16 2010 05:10:19
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s/experimental/wishful/