in reply to very tight perl syntax

Before you post, make sure you search and read through the Perl documentation, which is also conveniently available at you command line:
perldoc -q sort perldoc -v $_

Also, you should copy-n-paste code snippets into a separate script so that you can stimulate and observe on your own. If your "talented programmer" has structured the code well, this should not be too much trouble for you.