This only works if there are no capturing parenthesis:

#!/usr/bin/perl

use v5.12;
use warnings;
use strict;

my @alt = (
    qr/foo\d+/,
    qr/bar\S+?/,
);
my $re = join '|', map qr/($_)/, @alt;

for my $word (qw[foofoo2010 subarashii bowwowmeow]) {
    my $_ = $word;
    if (s/$re/($+)/) {
        say "$word => $_: $alt[$#- - 1]";
    } else {
        say "$word: NO_MATCH";
    }
}
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This is the output:

foofoo2010 => foo(foo2010): (?-xism:foo\d+)
subarashii => su(bara)shii: (?-xism:bar\S+?)
bowwowmeow: NO_MATCH
[download]