$ perl -V:cc
cc='cc';
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And Perl knows it's really just a symlink to gcc:

$ perl -V:ccname
ccname='gcc';
[download]

Other related config info:

$ perl -V:'^g?cc.*'
cc='cc';
cccdlflags='-fPIC';
ccdlflags='-Wl,-E';
ccflags='-D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack
+-protector -I/usr/local/include -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BI
+TS=64';
ccflags_uselargefiles='-D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64';
ccname='gcc';
ccsymbols='';
ccversion='';
gccansipedantic='';
gccosandvers='';
gccversion='4.4.5';
ccflags_nolargefiles='-D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -fno-strict-aliasing 
+-pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/local/include ';
[download]

This information is obtained from the same source that module installers use, Config.