What you defined is not what you need:

%chores = (Monday    => "dishes",
           1         => "Tuesday",
           vacuum    => "2",
           Wednesday => "garbage",
           "3");
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Under warnings, you would have got

Odd number of elements in hash assignment
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To solve your problem, you need a hash of arrays:

my %chores = (Monday    => ["dishes"  , "1"],
              Tuesday   => ["vacuum"  , "2"],
              Wednesday => ["garbage" , "3"]);

my $value = join ' ', @{ $chores{Wednesday} };
print "$value\n";
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See Perl Data Structures Cookbook and Perl references and nested data structures for details.