my %hash = ( # the hash you demonstrated
);

foreach my $name ( keys %hash ) {
    print "$key    $hash{$key}{detection_profile}", 
      exists $hash{$key}{detection_profile_severity}
        ? "    $hash{$key}{detection_profile_severity}\n"
        : "\n";
}
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If for some reason you wish to use printf instead, the POD should be all you need to make that minor change.