my $y = {};
my $x = { a => { b => { c => $y } } };
$y->{ d } = $x->{ a };
$y->{ e } = 1;

##</code><code>##

package Bob;

use Data::Dumper;
use strict;
use warnings;


sub new {
    my $self = {visited=>{}};
    bless($self);
    return $self;
}


sub list {
    my ($self, $data) = @_;
    my $pathes = {};
    my $path = "";
    list_slave($self->{visited},$data, $path, $pathes);
    return $pathes;
}

sub list_slave {
    my ($visited,$data, $path, $pathes) = @_;

    return if( exists $visited->{$data} );
    $visited->{$data}++;

    if (ref($data) eq "HASH") {
        foreach my $key (keys(%$data)) {
            my $new_path = $path . '->{' . $key . '}';
            if (ref($data->{$key})) {
                $pathes->{$new_path} = $data->{$key};
                list_slave($visited,$data->{$key}, $new_path, $pathes);
            } else {
                $pathes->{$new_path} = \$data->{$key};
            }
        }
    } elsif (ref($data) eq "ARRAY") {
        foreach my $index (0 .. $#{@$data}) {
            my $new_path = $path . '->[' . $index . ']';
            if (ref($data->[$index])) {
                $pathes->{$new_path} = $data->[$index];
                list_slave($visited,$data->[$index], $new_path, $pathes);
            } else {
                $pathes->{$new_path} = \$data->[$index];
            }
        }
    }
}

############

my $obj = new Bob();

my $y = {};
my $x = { a => { b => { c => $y } } };
$y->{ d } = $x->{ a };;
$y->{ e } = 1++;

print Dumper $y;
print Dumper $obj->list($x);