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...
  <inventors type="array">
...
    </inventor>
  </inventors>
...

my $xml_to_hash = XMLin($xml_file,
  #ForceArray => 0,
  #KeyAttr    => {},
 );

$VAR1 = {
  'inventors' => {
...
     },
    'type' => 'array'
  },

$VAR1 = {
  'inventors' => [
...
      'type' => 'array'
    }
   ], ...

foreach my $inventors(%{$xml_to_hash->{inventors}}){
  if ($inventors->{inventor}->{number}->{content} == 1){
     print $inventors->{inventor};
     }
  }

foreach my $inventor(%{$xml_to_hash->{inventors}->{inventor}}){
   if ($inventor->{number}->{content} == 1){
      print $inventor;
      }
   }