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my $newcolor = 'purple';
my $seen = 0;
...
    print $outfile "$newcolor\n";
    close $outfile or die "Couldn't close the output file.\n$!";
}

my $newcolor = 'purple';
open my $infile, "<", 'colorfile.txt' 
...
print $outfile "$newcolor\n" unless $seen;
close $outfile 
    or die "Can't close the output file.\n$!";

use strict;
use warnings;
...
push @array, "$newcolor\n" unless grep { /$newcolor/ } @array;

untie @array;