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while ( $sth->fetchrow()  ) {
    push @classes, {
...
        count      =>      $count
    };
}

@departments = (
    {
...

     etc ...
);

my %departments;
push @{ $departments{ $_->{department} }{classes} }, $_ foreach (@clas
+ses);
...
my @departments = map {
    $_->{department} = $_->{classes}[0]{department}; $_
} values %departments;