Could what you are asking be accomplished by passing in your data structure into each of the subroutines as an additional parameter? E.g.

sub parse1 {
    my ($filehandle,$data) = @_;
    # read from $filehandle and add to $data
}
sub parse2 {
    my ($filehandle,$data) = @_;
    # read from $filehandle and add to $data
}
# etc.
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Or perhaps better, each subroutine could return the piece of data it parsed from the file?

my %data;
$data{piece1} = parse1($fh);
$data{piece2} = parse2($fh);

sub parse1 {
    my ($filehandle) = @_;
    # read from $filehandle
    return $data;
}
sub parse2 {
    my ($filehandle) = @_;
    # read from $filehandle
    return $data;
}
[download]

But I think I may be misunderstanding the question, in which case it would help if you could explain some more and provide a small, working, self-contained example that demonstrates the question, along with some sample input and the expected output. How do I post a question effectively?