You can do the assignment in one line, but it's kinda tricky.
Note that you still need a temporary; it just doesn't have to be a named temporary.

  while (<FH>) {
    chomp;
    $ytd{ $_->[0] }{'oct01'} = $_->[1] for [ split ',' ];
  }
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(Note the better style. Using $line instead of $_ just makes your code noisier and more error prone.)

jdporter
...porque es dificil estar guapo y blanco.