No. Paladin's solution has 2 operations for each piece of data: 1 match, 2 lookup. The original solution has anywhere from 1 to n (in this case, n=15) operations for each piece of data, depending on how soon the item matches. Paladin's is a constant O(2), while the original will average around O(n/2). A test:

use Benchmark;

my %names;
my (@list) =
qw(Jones   Rogers Edwards Smith Jackson
   Ryan    Jones  tilly   dws   paladin
   footpad jeffa  Elian   ybiC  TheDamian
  );
@names{@list} = (1) x @list;
my $names = join '|', @list;
my $data = do {local $/; <DATA>};


timethese (
   100_000, {
      "paladin" =>
          sub {
              my $text = $data;
            foreach my $name ($text=~/(\b(?:[A-Z](?:\.|[a-z]+)\s+)+(\w
++))/go){
                "$name\n" if exists $names{$name}
            }
        },
      "original" =>
        sub {
            my $text = $data;
            foreach my $name ($text=~/(\b(?:[A-Z](?:\.|[a-z]+)\s+)+(?:
+$names))/sgo){
                  "$name\n"
            }
        }
    });

__DATA__
Dr. Happy
Sr. Rogers
Senoir. Chacho
Senoira. Chachese
Mr. Ryan
Mrs. Smith
(I'm sorry) Ms. Jackson (oooh, I am for reaaal)
Dr. Tilly
Mr. Elian
Asdokfj. adfsdf
Ms. asdfasdf
Mr. Burns
Qsdokfj. adfsdf
q. TheDamian
Hello. There
This. Should
Not. Fail
[download]

And the results:

Benchmark: timing 100000 iterations of optimized, original, paladin...
  original: 25 wallclock secs (23.14 usr +  0.00 sys = 23.14 CPU) @ 43
+20.77/s (n=100000)
   paladin: 18 wallclock secs (16.93 usr +  0.00 sys = 16.93 CPU) @ 59
+05.63/s (n=100000)
[download]

In response to your update, I think you are mistaken; "end," doesn't match anywhere at all.