If i did understand exactly, from your example, that the power of 2 should be a prime.

I don't know, wolfram says "prime factorization"...

I looked at perldata and keys and saw indeed that the number of buckets is a power of 2 but it was not explained why.

Oh, why? because :) its coded that way :D 

newsize &= ~(newsize & (1 + ~newsize));    /* get proper power of 2 */
..
Newxz(a, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(newsize), char);

[download]

Programmers just love to do things in powers of two

perl hash presize why power of 2 How Hashes Really Work - Perl.com

In principle, a hashing function returns an array index directly; in practice, it is common to use its (arbitrary) return value modulo the number of buckets as the actual index. (Using a prime number of buckets that is not too close to a power of two tends to produce a sufficiently uniform key distribution.)
A Hash Function for Hash Table Lookup
The best hash table sizes are powers of 2. There is no need to do mod a prime (mod is sooo slow!).
Hash table
In the case that the array size is a power of two, the remainder operation is reduced to masking, which improves speed, but can increase problems with a poor hash function.

So there you have it, power of two, its for the speed

In reply to Re^3: how are the number of buckets in a perl hash chosen by Anonymous Monk
in thread how are the number of buckets in a perl hash chosen by david2008

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