I have read learning perl 2 times. I also have programming perl by larry wall as well. Where I think I am confused is, I thought a hash had to have a key and a value. How do I get my mac addresses to just be keys and if they are the keys what are the values then, i'm assuming undef. What I need to know is, how to write a file into the keys of a hash. I know how to open the file using the filehandle, from there is what I cant figure out.