That doesn't work. Since you don't capture .*, your look-behind is identical to m/tom.*(dick|harry|john)/. You also can't put a regexp inside a look-behind, IIRC.
' tom harry ' =~ m/(?<=tom).*(dick|harry|john)/ && print(1, $/); #
+ 1
' harry tom ' =~ m/(?<=tom).*(dick|harry|john)/ && print(2, $/); #
+ (nothing)
Lookahead works, though
' tom harry ' =~ m/(?=.*tom).*(dick|harry|john)/ && print('A', $/);
+ # A
' harry tom ' =~ m/(?=.*tom).*(dick|harry|john)/ && print('B', $/);
+ # B
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