This becomes a battle of semantics. Mostly one only sees modulo arithmetic defined for integers, where the modulus needs to be a positive integer. But there are definely analogous systems that deal with fractions, and i suppose that they can be extended to reals, although taking the modulus of something (mod pi) seems pretty weird to me.
But as a mathematician, as long as the system definition is consistent, there shouldnt be any problem.
I do recall in an old (1950's) number theory book that got from a clearance rack (old crap free for the taking) from my universities math department (which i still posess), it is left as an exercise to extend modular arithmetic to include fractions. Ouch!, but such things are feasible.
I should read the link you cited, but am way too busy right now.
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