Per ikegami's suggestion that it is advantageous to do as much work outside the loop(s) as possible, this code may be helpful (although I'm not really sure I understand the problem completely):

use warnings;
use strict;

use Data::Dumper;


MAIN: {  # begin main loop

# define hashes for text and patterns.
my %text = (
    text_id_1 => 'four score and foo bar baz seven years',
    text_id_2 => 'to fee fie foe or not',
    text_id_3 => 'to wibble or not to wobble',
    text_id_4 => 'text with no patterns present',
    text_id_5 => 'text with fee fie foe and wobble present',
    # ...etc.
    );

my %patterns = (
    'fee fie foe' => 'hi_lvl_id_1',
    'foo bar baz' => 'hi_lvl_id_2',
    'wibble'      => 'hi_lvl_id_3',
    'wobble'      => 'hi_lvl_id_4',
    'quux'        => 'hi_lvl_id_5',  # pattern present in no text
    # ...etc.
    );


# preprocess patterns hash for data extraction.
while (my ($string, $id) = each %patterns) {
    $patterns{$string} = {
        hi_lvl_id => $id,
        regex     => qr{ \b \Q$string\E \b }xms,
        parts     => [ split /\s/, $string ],
        };
    }

# initialize output hashes.
my %pattern_ids = map { $_ => '' } keys %text;
my %part_ids    = map { $_ => {} } keys %text;


match(\%patterns, \%text, \%pattern_ids, \%part_ids);

print "%pattern_ids: \n", Dumper \%pattern_ids;
print "%part_ids: \n",    Dumper \%part_ids;

}  # end main loop


# subroutines ##################################

sub match {

    my ($hr_patterns,    # ref. to input hash: patterns
        $hr_text,        # ref. to input hash: text strings
        $hr_pattern_ids, # ref. to output hash: identified pattern ids
        $hr_part_ids,    # ref. to output hash: identified part ids
        ) = @_;

    PATTERN:
    for my $hr_pattern (values %$hr_patterns) {

        TEXT:
        while (my($text_id, $text) = each %$hr_text) {

          next TEXT unless $text =~ $hr_pattern->{regex};

          $hr_pattern_ids->{$text_id} .= ":$hr_pattern->{hi_lvl_id}";

          my @parts = @{ $hr_pattern->{parts} };  # for convenience
          @{ $hr_part_ids->{$text_id} }{@parts} = (0) x @parts;

          }  # end while TEXT loop

        }  # end for PATTERN loop

    }
[download]

Output:

%pattern_ids:
$VAR1 = {
          'text_id_3' => ':hi_lvl_id_3:hi_lvl_id_4',
          'text_id_5' => ':hi_lvl_id_1:hi_lvl_id_4',
          'text_id_2' => ':hi_lvl_id_1',
          'text_id_4' => '',
          'text_id_1' => ':hi_lvl_id_2'
        };
%part_ids:
$VAR1 = {
          'text_id_3' => {
                           'wibble' => 0,
                           'wobble' => 0
                         },
          'text_id_5' => {
                           'foe' => 0,
                           'wobble' => 0,
                           'fie' => 0,
                           'fee' => 0
                         },
          'text_id_2' => {
                           'foe' => 0,
                           'fie' => 0,
                           'fee' => 0
                         },
          'text_id_4' => {},
          'text_id_1' => {
                           'bar' => 0,
                           'baz' => 0,
                           'foo' => 0
                         }
        };
[download]

Perhaps more advantageous would be moritz's suggestion to compile all the patterns into one massive alternation, but I would quail at the thought of a regex that might easily exceed a million characters. But if it works...

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