Numbering of captures counts per match/regex, of which you have two here - the one with the 8-digit capture being evaluated last.
If you wanted to extract the 5-digit number from the first regex, you could simply reverse the order of the &&-combined tests:
if (($arr =~ / (\w*)(def)(\d{8})/) && ($arr =~ /(\w*)(abc)(\d{5})/)) {
Now, $3 is the 5-digit number.
If you wanted to keep all captures, you could assign them to variables, e.g.:
if (( my ($c1, $c2, $c3) = $arr =~ /(\w*)(abc)(\d{5})/)
&& ( my ($c4, $c5, $c6) = $arr =~ / (\w*)(def)(\d{8})/)) {
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