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  1. or download this
    if (! open my $in_fh, '<', $in ) {
    #      ^^ <- HERE
    die "Can't open '$in': $!";
}
  2. or download this
    if (! open my $fh, '<', $file){
    die $!;
}

# file handle already closed if you try to access here
  3. or download this
    {
    open my $fh, '<', $file or die $!;
...
}

# but not here, fh auto-closed in the block
  4. or download this
    my $fh;

...
# the place you intend to use them

open my $fh, '<', $file or die $!;