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  1. or download this
    $ perl -MData::Dumper -e 'my $h; $h->{x}++ if exists $h->{x}; print Du
    +mper($h)'
    $VAR1 = {};
    $ perl -MData::Dumper -e 'my $h; $h->{x}++ if defined $h->{x}; print D
    +umper($h)'
    $VAR1 = {};
    
  2. or download this
    if ($h and exists $h->{x})
    
  3. or download this
    if ($h and exists $h->{a} and exists $h->{a}{b} and exists $h->{a}{b}{
    +foo})