You can do it using Perl, or you could even do it via .htaccess, depending on your webserver. Within Perl, it becomes a discussion on session management and user authentication. For session management, look at CGI::Session. Perl and PHP are just languages. Whether you're using Perl, PHP, or some other language, it's up to you, the programmer, to deal with sessions and authentication.

But frankly, it's a lot easier to deal with sessions in a modern web framework such as Mojolicious or Dancer. Mojolicious provides built-in sessions, and authentication can be simplified via Mojolicious plugins from CPAN.