I would use a statement modifier here

OUTER: foreach my $i ( $from .. $to ) {
    $i % $_ and next OUTER for 2 .. 5;
    say $i;
}
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because it is more like natural language, and because I dislike both one-line-xxx(){...}-loops and multiline loops with just one statement in the loop body.

But that's just a matter of taste or style ;-)