Update: Code shown is based on the last one-liner of the OP which was case sensitive.

For case insensitivity replace /a/ with /a/i and y/e/.. with y/eE/.. in the following examples.

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For a start, I tried this

c:\Perl_524>perl -anE"/a/&&say$_,' :'.y/$_/e/for@F"
anyone cnacel declare perlmonks
anyone :0
cnacel :0
declare :0
[download]

but am failing to call tr (aka y) in scalar context.

update

I misread the docs for tr, is this good enough?

c:\Perl_524>perl -anE"/a/&&say$_.' :'.y/e/e/for@F"
anyone cancel declare perlmonks
anyone :1
cancel :1
declare :2
[download]

note: you have to enter more lines or kill the one liner with C-c

update

one char less!

c:\Perl_524>perl -anE"/a/&&say$_.' :'.y/e//for@F"
anyone cancel declare perlmonks
anyone :1
cancel :1
declare :2
[download]

explanation: this is equivalent

use feature 'say';
while (<>) {
    @F = split(' ');
    /a/ and say $_ . ' :' . tr/e// foreach (@F);
}
[download]

see also perlrun for -a, -n and -E

(though it claims "-a implicitly sets -n" which I can't reproduce)

update

even less under linux

~$ perl -anE'/a/&&say"$_ :".y/e//for@F'
anyone cancel declare perlmonks
anyone :1
cancel :1
declare :2
[download]

update

last but not least without reading from STDIN (which doesn't make much sense for a one-liner)

$ perl -E'/a/&&say"$_ :".y/e//for qw/anyone cancel declare perlmonks/'
anyone :1
cancel :1
declare :2
[download]