Remember that arguments are passed by reference*, so print will see the change in $x caused by ++ (which must be evaluated before print is called).
In detail,
print $x, $x++;
is roughly equivalent to
{
local @_;
alias $_[0] = $x;
alias $_[1] = $x++;
&print;
}
except the order of the alias statements isn't defined.
Given $x=0, @_ is ($x, $anon) which evaluates to (1, 0).
In short, avoid modifying a variable in a parameter list expression when the variable appears elsewhere in that parameter list.
* — "by reference" is different than "as a reference".
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