I don't know about all file systems — we had a computer whose file system consisted of a piece of a paper with file names and sector addresses at my last job — but File::Basename treats at least "\" (Windows), "/" (unix and Windows) and ":" (old Macs) as separators.
>perl -MFile::Basename -le"print basename 'foo/bar'"
bar
>perl -MFile::Basename -le"print basename 'foo\bar'"
bar
>perl -MFile::Basename -le"print basename 'foo:bar'"
bar
File::Basename's behaviour is not determined by the system on which the script is executed.
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