I'm thinking that maybe you just want hash arrays? Do you really want to keep duplicates in the array?
my (%last_names, %first_names);
while (<>) {
my ($last, $first) = split /,/;
# Instead of undef, you could use '++' if you want to
# count names e.g.
# $last_names{$last}++;
# or treat as an array and push the data '$_' to the hash,
# e.g.
# push @{$last_names{$last}}, $_;
# Or even create a hash of hashes, etc.
$last_names{$last} = undef;
$first_names{$first} = undef;
}
print "$_\n" for sort keys %last_names;
#etc.
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