FYI, I understood that return is optional and that a subroutine will return the value of the last statement executed. I just didn't see what that had to do with the original question. I mean, antjock asked several questions about the lack of the return and return values, but I thought the real question was "why does this work?" and I didn't think anyone had answered that... and I wasn't sure I was just missing something (I can be slow some days). (:

        - tye (but my friends call me "Tye")