I would try to copy or alias the ugly names, if export wasn't an option.

# Cruel module author doesn't allow exporting these!
my $foo = 
    \%some::very::long::named::module::foo;
my $drawSomethingPretty =
    \&some::very::long::named::module::drawSomethingPretty;

foreach my $key ( keys %{ $foo } ) {
    # It doesn't look like you need $val out here, so why not
    # just stick in the inner block?
    if ( testconditions($key) ) {
        my $val = $foo->{$key};
        $drawSomethingPretty->($val);
    }
}
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But if these names can't be exported, there are a couple of equally possible likelihoods:

• The module author needs a gentle nudge to allow export of %foo and &drawSomethingPretty;
• The module author had no intention of letting people get at %foo or &drawSomethingPretty and you are poking into the guts of the module rather than the defined interface. Nothing wrong with poking at guts occasionally, but it could be an explanation of why things aren't working right.