You can't concatenate regexp the way you did, but you can look for repetitions. Since you're looking for matching parenthesis, you need non-greedy quantifiers. I would use something of this sort (unless you have a specific reason to concatenate them as you did):
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
my $test = "I am here {there} and {everywhere} but not below and above
+";
print "$test\n";
$_ = $test;
if (/\{(.*?)\}(.*)\{(.*?)\}/) {
print "Success $1 $3\n";
}