I don't have a Debian box, but it sure worked for me on my new Linux Mint laptop:

spek@sequoia ~/repos/berrybrew $ sudo apt-get install rakudo
[sudo] password for spek: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libjs-angularjs libjs-bootstrap libtommath0 moarvm nqp rakudo-lib
Suggested packages:
  valgrind
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libjs-angularjs libjs-bootstrap libtommath0 moarvm nqp rakudo rakudo
+-lib
0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 160 not upgraded.
Need to get 4,381 kB of archives.
After this operation, 29.9 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libjs-angular
+js all 1.2.28-1ubuntu2 [348 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 libjs-boo
+tstrap all 3.3.6+dfsg-1 [227 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libtommath0 a
+md64 0.42.0-1.2 [41.8 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 moarvm am
+d64 2015.11-2 [706 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 nqp all 2
+015.11-2 [517 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 rakudo-li
+b amd64 2015.11-2build1 [15.1 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 rakudo al
+l 2015.11-2build1 [2,525 kB]
Fetched 4,381 kB in 3s (1,098 kB/s) 
Selecting previously unselected package libjs-angularjs.
(Reading database ... 215595 files and directories currently installed
+.)
Preparing to unpack .../libjs-angularjs_1.2.28-1ubuntu2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libjs-angularjs (1.2.28-1ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libjs-bootstrap.
Preparing to unpack .../libjs-bootstrap_3.3.6+dfsg-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libjs-bootstrap (3.3.6+dfsg-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libtommath0.
Preparing to unpack .../libtommath0_0.42.0-1.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libtommath0 (0.42.0-1.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package moarvm.
Preparing to unpack .../moarvm_2015.11-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking moarvm (2015.11-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package nqp.
Preparing to unpack .../archives/nqp_2015.11-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking nqp (2015.11-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package rakudo-lib.
Preparing to unpack .../rakudo-lib_2015.11-2build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking rakudo-lib (2015.11-2build1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package rakudo.
Preparing to unpack .../rakudo_2015.11-2build1_all.deb ...
Unpacking rakudo (2015.11-2build1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up libjs-angularjs (1.2.28-1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libjs-bootstrap (3.3.6+dfsg-1) ...
Setting up libtommath0 (0.42.0-1.2) ...
Setting up moarvm (2015.11-2) ...
Setting up nqp (2015.11-2) ...
Setting up rakudo-lib (2015.11-2build1) ...
Setting up rakudo (2015.11-2build1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu5) ...

spek@sequoia ~/repos/berrybrew $ perl6 -v
This is perl6 version 2015.11 built on MoarVM version 2015.11
[download]