There's one minor problem with your example: your hash slice assignment creates the expected keys, so exists will work, but since you're assigning only one value to the slice, only the hash element with the key corresponding to the first element in @files will have a value (1), the rest will have the undefined value. This could lead to confusion (i.e. code that mysteriously refuses to work the way you expect it to) later on should you be required to make any changes that assume that each element of the hash has the value 1.

It would probably be best to either assign an empty list to the hash slice, which would give you a key for each filename in @files for use with exists, or to assign a list of true values with the same number of elements as the @files array using the repetition operator x.

@keep{@files} = ();            # empty list
@keep{@files} = (1) x @files;  # list of "TRUE" values
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With the latter assignment, you could modify the code to check the value of the hash element, instead of the key:

@keep{@files} = (1) x @files;
foreach my $file ( @filelist ) {
    unlink $file unless $keep{$file};
}
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