If it's a static method then you could do this

my $result = "MODULES::$submodule"->can($method)->($data);
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This works because can is returning a reference to the subroutine in MODULES::$submodule and then that it is being called with $data being passed in.

Or, simpler still, if it's a class method then you don't need any trickery

my $result = "MODULES::$submodule"->$method($data);
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That just uses the string "MODULES::$submodule" as the class and then calls the method as designated by $method.
HTH

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broquaint