Yet another way. Pre-5.10 compatible; avoids explicit captures. Unfortunately, rather heavy on the look-arounds.
c:\@Work\Perl\monks>perl -wMstrict -MData::Dump -le
"my $s = qq{a aa 21a a 123 a b9 b bb aa1 1aa @ARGV};
dd $s;
;;
my @captures = $s =~ m{
\b \d+ (?= (?: a|b) \b)
|
(?<= \b (?: a|b)) \d+ \b
|
\b (?: a|b) (?= \d)
|
(?<= \d) (?: a|b) \b
}xmsg;
dd \@captures;
" "aa11 11aa [b42] (12a)"
"a aa 21a a 123 a b9 b bb aa1 1aa aa11 11aa [b42] (12a)"
[21, "a", "b", 9, "b", 42, 12, "a"]
Give a man a fish: <%-{-{-{-<
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