You used 

next if 0 == index( $_, '<breakfast_menu>' );

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That would fail if it the serialization has any attributes or a prefix. Also, it completely ignores the namespace. The correct way to do the check outside of the XPath: 

next
   if $_->nodeName eq "breakfast_menu"
   && !defined( $_->namespaceURI );

[download]

In reply to Re^2: XML::LibXML parentNode only root element by ikegami
in thread XML::LibXML parentNode only root element by Anonymous Monk

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