First, you don't have to backwhack (escape) the '.' character when it appears inside of a character class.
Next, [0-9] is the same as \d.
Third, the non-capturing parens are not helping you.
Boil that down and you get:
print "$1\n" if $number =~ m/
^(
[\d.-]*
\d
[\d.-]*
)$
/x;
Oh, forgot to mention; the /x modifier helps to keep things clean and tidy looking.
If you really want it golfed, how about this:
$number =~ /^([\d.-]*\d[\d.-]*)$/ and print "$1\n";
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