I guess I am looking for a more general way to get data further into the tree. This is most of an example from perl-xml-quickstart: 
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<camelids>
  <species name="Camelus bactrianus">
    <common-name>Bactrian Camel</common-name>
    <physical-characteristics>
      <mass>450 to 500 kg.</mass>
      <appearance>
        The most noticeable feature of C. bactrianus is its two humps.
      </appearance>
    </physical-characteristics>
    <natural-history>
       <food-habits>
         Camels are herbivores.
       </food-habits>
       <reproduction>
         Mating season occurs in the fall, with inbreeding often invol
+ved in domesticated camels.
       </reproduction>
       <behavior>
         Domestic camels travel in caravans across the desert.
       </behavior>
       <habitat>
         The camel's habitat consists mainly of Asia's deserts.
       </habitat>
    </natural-history>
    <conservation status="endangered">
      <detail>
        Camels were thought to be extinct in the wild.
      </detail>
    </conservation>
  </species>
  <species name="Camelus dromedarius">
    <common-name>Dromedary, or Arabian Camel</common-name>
    <physical-characteristics>
      <mass>300 to 690 kg.</mass>
      <appearance>
        The dromedary camel is characterized by a long-curved neck, de
+ep-narrow chest, and a single hump.
      </appearance>
    </physical-characteristics>
    <natural-history>
       <food-habits>
         The dromedary camel is a herbivore.
       </food-habits>
       <reproduction>
         The dromedary camel has a lifespan of about 40-50 years.
       </reproduction>
       <behavior>
         With the exception of rutting males, dromedaries show very li
+ttle aggressive behavior.
       </behavior>
       <habitat>
         The camels prefer desert conditions characterized by a long d
+ry season and a short rainy season.
       </habitat>
    </natural-history>
    <conservation status="no special status">
      <detail>
        Since the dromedary camel is domesticated, the camel has no sp
+ecial status in conservation (Busch Gardens 1996). 
      </detail>
    </conservation>
  </species>
  <species name="Lama glama">
    <common-name>Llama</common-name>
    <physical-characteristics>
      <mass>130 to 155 kg.</mass>
      <appearance>
        Llamas feet are slender and their limbs are long.
      </appearance>
    </physical-characteristics>
    <natural-history>
       <food-habits>
         Llamas are herbivorous, feeding on many kinds of grasses and 
+leaves.
       </food-habits>
       <reproduction>
         Llamas reach sexual maturity at about 12-24 months.
       </reproduction>
       <behavior>
         The Lama glama lives only in domestication.
       </behavior>
       <habitat>
         Llamas are found in deserts, mountainous areas, and grassland
+s.
       </habitat>
    </natural-history>
    <conservation status="no special status">
      <detail>
        The population of llamas has declined since road building redu
+ced their importance in transportation.
      </detail>
    </conservation>
  </species>
  <species name="Lama guanicoe">
    <common-name>Guanaco</common-name>
    <physical-characteristics>
      <mass>115 to 140 kg.</mass>
      <appearance>
        They stand at 1,100 to 1,200mm at the shoulder and have slende
+r bodies with long limbs and neck.
      </appearance>
    </physical-characteristics>
    <natural-history>
       <food-habits>
         Guanacos are herbivores that can inhabit dry areas and forego
+ drinking for long periods.
       </food-habits>
       <reproduction>
         Females are apparently induced ovulators.
       </reproduction>
       <behavior>
         There are three types of social groups: family groups, male t
+roops, and solitary males.
       </behavior>
       <habitat>
         Guanacos inhabit grasslands and shrublands from sea level to 
+4,000m. Occasionally they winter in forests.
       </habitat>
    </natural-history>
    <conservation status="special concern">
      <detail>
        Guanacos have had their numbers drastically reduced due to hum
+an pressures of habitat encroachment, habitat
        destruction, and hunting.
      </detail>
    </conservation>
  </species>
  <species name="Vicugna vicugna">
    <common-name>Vicuna</common-name>
    <physical-characteristics>
      <mass>35 to 65 kg.</mass>
      <appearance>
        The vicuna is the smallest living species among the family Cam
+elidae.
      </appearance>
    </physical-characteristics>
    <natural-history>
      <food-habits>
        The vicuna is strictly a grazer.
      </food-habits>
      <reproduction>
        Mating begins in March and April.
      </reproduction>
      <behavior>
        Vicunas are alert and shy animals that flee very rapidly.
      </behavior>
      <habitat>
        Vicunas are found in semiarid rolling grasslands and plains at
+ altitudes of 3,500-5,750 meters.
      </habitat>
    </natural-history>
    <conservation status="endangered">
      <detail>
        The vicuna is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN, and as end
+angered by the USDI.
      </detail>
    </conservation>
  </species>
</camelids>

[download]
Some code to pull data from the XML: 
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use XML::Simple;

my $file = 'files/camelids.xml';
my $xs1 = XML::Simple->new();

my $doc = $xs1->XMLin($file, forcearray => 1);

foreach my $key (keys (%{$doc->{species}})){
   print $doc->{species}->{$key}->{'common-name'}[0];
   print " ($key) ";
   print "\n";
}

[download]
I can get data from the species key and the common-name (one level in) but how do you get, say, the physical-characteristics->mass? things like: 
print $doc->{species}->{$key}->{'physical-characteristics'}[0];

[download]
and 
print $doc->{species}->{$key}->{'physical-characteristics'}['mass'];

[download]
only give the hashref. Do I need another foreach loop? Thanks

In reply to Re^2: XML::Simple Multi-Layered by eide
in thread XML::Simple Multi-Layered by eide

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