The values in a hash can be any kind of scalar. To get the results that you want, each value would need to be a reference to an array, and each element in the referenced arrays would need to be another array reference.
%number = ( 23 => [ [ 'g1', 23, 24 ], [ 'g2', 34, 35 ] ],
24 => [ [ 'g3', 45, 56 ], [ 'g4', 36, 48 ] ],
);
$grp = $number{23}[0][0];
Note the I've corrected your hash-creating brackets from {} to ().
For more details see perldsc.
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