Can we assume that each pattern matches within a single line? If so, then lets have @matcharray an array of qr// expressions, ordered by how often we expect a match - commonest first.

That all means you can read the input file line by line and print that line to an output file if a match is found:

my @matcharray = map {qr/$_/} (
    "all",
    "your",
    "[patterns]",
);

open my $fh, '<', '/path/to/original/file' or die $!;
open my $of, '>', '/path/to/filtered/file' or die $!;

{
    local $_;
    while (<$fh>) {
        for my $pat (@matcharray) {
            /$pat/ and print $of $_ and last;
        }
    }
}
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Once a match is found, the line is printed to output (with the assumption that print succeeds) and further match tests are skipped.