You can 1st use grep to remove the unwanted "0" from your list, then use map to transform the remaining elements of the list (i.e., multiplying by 10):

use strict;
use warnings;

my $max = $ARGV[0];
my @ratio_list = (0,1..$max); 
my @minutes_list = map {$_ * 10} grep {$_ != 0} @ratio_list;
print "@minutes_list\n";
[download]

prints:

10 20 30 40 50
[download]