I would stick with the while loop as it is more scalable and make use of List::Util.

use warnings;
use strict;

use List::Util qw(max);

my @window;

while (<DATA>)
{
    chomp();

    # create sliding window
    push(@window, [ (split) ]);
    shift(@window) if $. > 5;

    # print range
    print $window[0][0], "-", $window[-1][0];

    # print maximums
    for my $i (1 .. 5)
    {
        print " ", max(map { $_->[$i] } @window);
    }

    print "\n";
}

__END__
 1   0    0.00       0    0    0   
 2   0    0.00       0    0    0   
 3   0    0.08       0    0    0   
 4   0    0.05       0    0    0   
 5   0    0.08       0    0    0   
 6   0    0.05       0    0.12    0   
 7   0    0.05       0    0.12    0   
 8   0    0.04       0    0.15    0   
 9   0.07    0.07       0    0.15    0.18   
 10   0.29    0.04       0.32    0.32    0.19   
 11   0.46    0.05       0.42    0.30    0.21   
 12   0.45    0.07       0.35    0.29    0.41   
 13   0.57    0.07       0.42    0.00    0.47   
 14   0.46    0.04       0.62    0.00    0.58   
 15   0.39    0.05       0.41    0.00    0.37
[download]

Output:

1-1 0 0.00 0 0 0
1-2 0 0.00 0 0 0
1-3 0 0.08 0 0 0
1-4 0 0.08 0 0 0
1-5 0 0.08 0 0 0
2-6 0 0.08 0 0.12 0
3-7 0 0.08 0 0.12 0
4-8 0 0.08 0 0.15 0
5-9 0.07 0.08 0 0.15 0.18
6-10 0.29 0.07 0.32 0.32 0.19
7-11 0.46 0.07 0.42 0.32 0.21
8-12 0.46 0.07 0.42 0.32 0.41
9-13 0.57 0.07 0.42 0.32 0.47
10-14 0.57 0.07 0.62 0.32 0.58
11-15 0.57 0.07 0.62 0.30 0.58
[download]